U-M study: Childhood obesity associated with health habits, not heredity

University of Michigan Cardiovascular Center study shows obese children eat more school meals, watch more TV, exercise less than normal weight peers

ANN ARBOR, Jan. 31, 2011: Is lifestyle to blame for childhood obesity, or are some children simply genetically tuned to be overweight?

Check-ups of 1,003 Michigan 6th graders in a school-based health program showed children who are obese were more likely to consume school lunch instead of bringing food from home and spend two hours a day watching TV or playing a video game.

The results were compiled by the University of Michigan Cardiovascular Center and suggests unhealthy habits are feeding the childhood obesity trend.

“For the extremely overweight child, genetic screening may be a consideration,” says study senior author Kim A. Eagle, M.D., a cardiologist and a director of the U-M Cardiovascular Center. “For the rest, increasing physical activity, reducing recreational screen time and improving the nutritional value of school lunches offers great promise to begin a reversal of current childhood obesity trends.”

President Obama recently signed the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 to create healthier school menus for the 31 million children in the United States who eat lunch through school programs. The act is designed to improve nutrition by reducing salt, fat and sugar in school meals and reduce childhood obesity which has tripled in the U.S. in the past 30 years.

The prevalence of obesity among U.S. children ages 6 to 11 has increased from 6.5 percent in 1980 to 19.6 percent in 2008.

Children involved in the study participate in Project Healthy Schools, school-based program supported by communities and the U-M Health System to teach middle school students about healthy lifestyles, in hopes of reducing their future risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes.

The U-M study was published in the American Heart Journal.

According to the U-M study, 58 percent of obese children had watched two hours of TV in the previous day, compared to 41 percent of non-obese children. Forty-five percent of obese students always ate school lunch, but only 34 percent of non-obese students ate school lunch. 

Significantly fewer obese kids exercised regularly, took physical education classes, or were a member of a sports team. Because the eating and exercise patterns of obese children were so different than their normal weight peers, researchers concluded that lifestyle was more closely linked with childhood obesity, than genetics.

La obesidad infantil aparece vinculada con los hábitos de salud no la herencia, según un estudio de la UM

ANN ARBOR: ¿Es la obesidad infantil culpa del  estilo de vida o es que algunos niños, simplemente, están programados genéticamente para tener exceso de peso?

Los exámenes médicos de control de 1.300 alumnos de sexto grado en un programa de salud escolar de Michigan mostró que los niños que son obesos son más propensos a consumir el almuerzo que se ofrece en la escuela en lugar de traerse la merienda de casa, y que pasan dos horas por día mirando televisión o entretenidos con juegos de video.

Los resultados, compilados por el Centro Cardiovascular de la Universidad de Michigan, señalan que los malos hábitos de salud son los que alimentan la tendencia de la obesidad infantil.

“En el caso del niño que tiene un enorme peso excesivo podría considerarse el examen genético2, dijo el autor principal del estudio Kim A Eagle, un cardiólogo y director del Centro Cardiovascular de la UM. “Para el resto el incremento de la actividad física, la reducción del tiempo de entretenimiento delante de una pantalla y una mejoría en el valor nutritivo de los almuerzos escolares ofrecen una gran promesa para revertir las tendencias actuales de la obesidad infantil”.

El presidente Barack Obama promulgó recientemente la Ley de Niños Saludables y Libres del Hambre, de 2010, para la creación de menús escolares más saludables para los 31 millones de niños en Estados Unidos que comen en los programas de almuerzo escolar.

La ley tiene el propósito de mejorar la nutrición reduciendo el contenido de sal, grasas y azúcar en las comidas escolares, y disminuir la obesidad infantil que se ha triplicado en Estados Unidos en los últimos treinta años.

La prevalencia de la obesidad entre los niños de Estados Unidos de 6 a 11 años de edad ha subido del 6,5 por ciento en 1980 al 19,6 por ciento en 2008.

Los niños involucrados en el estudio participan en el Proyecto Escuelas Saludables, un programa escolar apoyado por las comunidades y el Sistema de Salud de la UM que enseña a los alumnos de escuela intermedia acerca de los estilos de vida saludables, con la esperanza de reducir su riesgo futuro de enfermedad cardiovascular y diabetes.

El estudio de la UM se publicó en la revista American Heart Journal.

De acuerdo con el estudio el 58 por ciento de los niños obesos había mirado televisión durante dos horas en el día anterior, comparado con el 41 por ciento de los niños no obesos. El 45 por cieno de los estudiantes obesos siempre come el almuerzo escolar pero sólo el 34 por ciento de los estudiantes no obesos come el almuerzo que ofrece la escuela.

Otro punto significativo es que son menos los niños obesos que hacen ejercicio regular, toman clases de educación física o son miembros de un equipo deportivo.

Dado que los patrones de alimentación y de ejercicio de los niños obesos resultaron tan diferente de los de sus pares con peso normal, los investigadores concluyeron que el estilo de vida está más vinculado con la obesidad infantil que la herencia genética.

Imágenes: http://www2.med.umich.edu/prmc/
media/newsroom/downloadImages.cfm?ID=1913

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