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Casi un tercio de los niños que se someten a cirugía tienen sobrepeso o son obesos
 
ANN ARBOR: Una proporción muy alta de los niños sometidos a cirugías tienen sobrepeso o son obesos, y por lo mismo, tienen más posibilidades de sufrir problemas relacionados con la operación, según un nuevo estudio del Sistema de Salud de la Universidad de Michigan.
 
Los investigadores evaluaron las 6.017 cirugías pediátricas del banco de datos del hospital de la Universidad de Michigan realizadas entre los años 2000 y 2004 y descubrieron que casi un tercio de los pacientes, o un 31,5 %, tenían sobrepeso o eran obesos. El estudio, se publica en la nueva edición de la revista Journal of the National Medical Association.
 
La prevalencia de niños con sobrepeso presenta un problema para cirujanos, anestesiólogos y sus equipos. Pacientes adultos con sobrepeso tienen más posibilidades de padecer condiciones como Diabetes del Tipo II, hipertensión, asma u otros problemas respiratorios y tienen más posibilidades de desarrollar infecciones en sus heridas después de las cirugías. Los investigadores de este estudio aseguran de que estas condiciones también se están haciendo comunes entre niños con sobrepeso y obesos.
 
Los resultados también sugieren de que los niños con sobrepeso u obesos tienen más posibilidades de necesitar ciertos tipos de cirugías. Las cirugías a las que fueron sometidos incluyen la extracción de las amígdalas, adenoides, como así también otras para ayudarlos con problemas respiratorios y apnea del sueño; También cirugías ortopédica para reparar huesos quebrados u otros problemas y procedimientos para reparar problemas digestivos y gastrointestinales.
 
“Los altos índices de sobrepeso y obesidad que encontramos entre los niños fueron impresionantes, porque niños con sobrepeso tienen un mayor riesgo de padecer problemas antes, durante y después de la cirugía”, dice Bukky Nafiu, el autor principal de estudio y residente del Departamento de Anestesiología en la Escuela de Medicina de la Universidad de Michigan, UM.
 
"Es un elemento muy importante de la epidemia infantil de obesidad y no ha recibido suficiente atención", dice Josephine Kasa-Vubu, Profesora asistente de Pediatría y Enfermedades Contagiosas de la Escuela de Medicina de la UM.
 
En el estudio se incluyeron todas las edades, pero el mayor sobrepeso y obesidad se encontró en los niños y niñas entre los 8 y los 12 años, generalmente antes de iniciar la pubertad. "Esto parece indicar una vulnerabilidad relacionada con la edad para ganar sobrepeso y necesitar cirugía y merece más investigación", dice Nafiu.
 
Los investigadores advierten que muchos de esos niños tienen posibilidades de permanecer obesos al llegar a la edad adulta- alrededor de un 60 o un 70 por ciento de adolescentes obesos continúan obesos como adultos. Por eso mismo, arriesgan problemas con su salud en general y su bienestar como así también problemas futuros si necesitan tratarse con cirugía.
 
Los investigadores también indican que la magnitud del problema puede reflejar, en parte, el hecho de que Michigan tiene una de las tasas de obesidad más altas de EEUU. No hay información comparable de otros estados, pero los investigadores dicen que  los índices pueden ser similares en otros lugares del país y advierten que los índices de obesidad en los niños se han triplicado en las últimas dos décadas a través de EEUU.
 
Además de Nafiu y Kasa-Vubu, otros autores de la investigación incluyen a Khady S. Ndao-Brumblay, Pharm.D.; Olumuyiwa A Bamgbade, y Michelle Morris, M.S., todos del Departamento de Anestesiología de la Escuela de medicina de la UM.
 
Referencia: Journal of the National Medical Association, Enero. 2007, VOL. 99, NO. 1.

High rate of overweight and obesity found in children having surgery; extra weight can increase complications

ANN ARBOR: A very high proportion of children who are having surgery are overweight or obese, and because of the excess weight have a greater chance of experiencing problems associated with the surgery, according to a new study from the University of Michigan Health System.
 
Researchers looked at a database of all 6,017 pediatric surgeries at the U-M Hospital from 2000 to 2004, and they found that nearly a third of the patients—31.5 percent—were overweight or obese. The study appears in the new issue of the Journal of the National Medical Association.
 
The prevalence of overweight children having surgery presents challenges to surgeons, anesthesiologists and their teams. Overweight adult patients are more likely to have conditions such as type II diabetes, hypertension, asthma and other breathing problems, and are more likely to develop infections in their wounds after surgery. The researchers on this study say those conditions also are becoming common among overweight and obese children.
 
The results also suggest that children who are overweight or obese have an increased likelihood of requiring certain types of surgery. The surgeries these children were having performed most frequently included the removal of tonsils and adenoids, as well as other surgeries designed to assist with breathing problems and sleep apnea; orthopedic surgeries to fix broken bones and other ailments; and procedures designed to mend digestive and gastrointestinal issues.
 
“The high rates of overweight and obesity that we found among children are striking because overweight children have a higher risk of problems before, during and after surgery,” says lead author Bukky Nafiu, M.D., FRCA, a resident in the U-M Medical School Department of Anesthesiology.
 
“This is an important element of the childhood obesity epidemic, and one that has not received much attention,” says senior author Josephine Kasa-Vubu, M.D, MS, assistant professor in the U-M Medical School Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases.
 
While all age ranges in the study involved high rates of overweight and obesity, the highest was in boys and girls ages 8 to 12, typically the age just before entering puberty. "This seems to indicate an age-related vulnerability to becoming overweight and needing surgery, and this is something we believe warrants further studies," Nafiu says.
 
Researchers noted that many of these children are likely to remain obese as adults---indeed, some 60 to 70 percent of obese adolescents are likely to remain obese as adults. Because of that they risk problems with their overall health and well-being, as well as future problems if they need to undergo surgery.
 
The researchers also point out that the magnitude of the problem may reflect, in part, the fact that Michigan has one of the highest rates of obesity in the United States. There are no comparable data from other states, but the researchers say it still is likely that these rates may be similar around the country, noting that rates of overweight and obesity in children has nearly tripled in the last two decades throughout the United States.
 
In addition to Nafiu and Kasa-Vubu, other authors on the article about obesity and surgery were Khady S. Ndao-Brumblay, Pharm.D.; Olumuyiwa A Bamgbade, M.D., FRCA, and Michelle Morris, M.S., all of the U-M Medical School Department of Anesthesiology.
 
Reference: Journal of the National Medical Association, Jan. 2007,
VOL. 99, NO. 1.
 
 

 

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Editor’s Note: Other research from the U-M Health System about overweight and obese children:
1. Obese children are twice as likely to have diabetes as children who are of normal weight. Read more at www.med.umich.edu/opm/newspage/2006/obesediabetes.htm.
2. Children who have significant behavior problems, as described by their parents, are nearly three times as likely to be overweight as other children. In addition, children with behavior problems are as much as five times more likely to become overweight later. Read more at www.med.umich.edu/opm/newspage/2003/obesitystudy.htm.
3. Another outgrowth of the childhood obesity epidemic is that bariatric surgery has more than tripled among youths in recent years. Read more at www.med.umich.edu/opm/newspage/2006/bariatric.htm.
4. Foods that babies eat may impact their likelihood of becoming overweight or obese later in life. Read more at www.med.umich.edu/opm/newspage/2006/hmobesity.htm.


 

 

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